Investors in Syria

Impact Fund Denmark is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in financing in the form of equity, mezzanine, loans, debt and guarantees. It makes socially conscious investments. It makes directly & indirectly investments. Under directly investing, it invests in early stage & growth capital investments. Under indirectly investments, it invests in venture capital funds. It specializes in establishing new companies, setting up joint ventures between Danish companies and local business partners and in acquiring existing companies. It provides financing to private-sector projects in the developing countries. The firm can only invest in countries whose 2008 GNI capita income is below $0.03 million with an exemption granted to South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. Also, the host countries of investments must be on the OECD’s DAC list of development aid recipients. It invests where private sector financing is unavailable or insufficient. It invests in sustainable growth and high-impact solutions in developing markets/countries. It does not invest in Forced labor or child labor, Ozone depleting substances, PCB's (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) and other specific, hazardous pharmaceuticals, pesticides/herbicides or chemicals, wildlife or products regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species or Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Unsustainable fishing methods, Cross-border trade in waste and waste products, unless compliant with the Basel Convention and the underlying regulations, Destruction of High Conservation Value areas, Radioactive materials and unbounded asbestos fibres, Pornography and/or prostitution, Racist and/or anti-democratic media, Alcoholic Beverages (except beer and wine), Tobacco, Weapons and munitions, Gambling, casinos and equivalent enterprises, Standalone fossil fuelled power plants, Drilling, exploration, extraction, refining and sale of crude oil, natural gas and thermal coal, Storage, supporting infrastructure (pipelines etc.), transportation and logistics, and services primarily related to fossil fuels, Any business using captive coal for power and/or heat generation, Electricity generation from peat and activities leading to deforestation, Investments and/or other projects that aim to produce or make use of agricultural or forestry products, Biomaterials and biofuel production, Export-oriented agribusiness mod, Meat and dairy industries. It prefers investing in commercial services and supplies, biofuels, electric power by solar and wind energy and irrigation systems sector. The firm seeks to invest in climate and Agribusiness. It focuses its investments in Green energy & infrastructure with focus on Clean, affordable renewable energy, Waste recycling and management, Energy efficiency, Water access and management; Financial Services with focus on Microfinance, MSME financing, Development banks and Insurance; Sustainable food systems with focus on Climate farming, Storage and distribution, Processing, Forest and land; Healthcare with focus on Hospitals and clinics, Pharmacy chains, Diagnostic services, Pharmaceuticals & medical equipment. The firm prefers to invest in companies based in Africa focusing on North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Central America, Middle East and Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Jordan, Denmark, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Arab Rep., Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, São Tomé and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Asia focusing on Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Brazil, Malaysia, Turkey, Mexico, Kiribati, Laos, South Korea, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Federal States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Marshall Islands, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Western Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, East Timor, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen; Europe focusing on Albania, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Belarus, Balkans, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Romania, Slovenia, Georgia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine; and Latin America with a focus on Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines, Suriname, Ecuador, and Jamaica and North Asia, United States of America, Latin America and parts of Europe. It seeks to invest between from DKK15 million ($2.32 million) and DKK500 million ($77.52 million). The firm can invest up to DKK350 million ($51.34 million) per company. The firm seeks to co-invest with Danish businesses in projects based in developing countries. It prefers to take minority stake between 10% to 30% and up to 49 per cent in small projects. It prefers to take a board membership. The firm prefers to exit its investments within five to seven years when the loan has been repaid or the shares have been sold. The firm also offers special assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises which employs less than 300 employees, with an annual revenue of up to DKK 300 million ($53.16 million) and has a positive result in two out of three latest financial years. It also provides advisory services to business investments in developing countries. The firm makes two thirds of its investments in partnership and can also provide additional financing. Impact Fund Denmark was founded in 1967 and is based in Copenhagen, Denmark with additional offices across Asia, Europe, South America, and Africa.

Capital Trust Limited is the private equity and venture capital arm of The Capital Trust Group specializing in recapitalizations, restructuring, IPOs, privatizations, corporate joint ventures, expansion financing, acquisitions of complementary businesses or product lines, mid venture, growth, acquisitions, financings, refinancing, mezzanine and equity investments in small to middle market companies. The firm also seeks to invest in in mezzanine investments in leveraged buyouts. In case of its corporate finance investments, the firm also invests in debt and equity offerings in public and private companies. The firm also invest in private equity and venture capital fund of fund investments. The firm does not invest in sponsor less mezzanine, turnaround situations or start-ups. The firm seeks to invest in corporate finance and real estate. The firm seeks to invest up to 25 percent of its aggregate capital in the combined high-tech sector, with a focus on support services. The firm typically invests in banking and insurance; oil services; maintenance and services; pharmaceutical, healthcare services, chemicals, and cosmetics; production of food and beverages; and retail and consumer products. In the corporate finance segment, the firm seeks to invest in manufacturing, distribution, services, and specialty retail segments. The firm also invests in real estate assets with a focus on commercial property, but may also consider investments in residential real estate on an opportunistic basis. The firm primarily invests in companies that have their principal place of business or substantial business interests in Europe including United Kingdom, Western Europe, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and the Nordic countries. It prefers to invest in the Mediterranean countries in Middle East and North Africa including Algeria, Palestinian Territories, Syria, Malta, Greece, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel. In case of its corporate finance investments, the firm prefers to invest in United States, the Middle East, and North Africa. The firm acts as the lead investor in transactions, as well as a co-investor with other financial institutions. The firm seeks to participate seeks to invest in mezzanine transactions through third party syndications. It seeks to acquire controlling stakes or involvement at the Board or operating level in its portfolio companies and typically holds its investment for a period of three to five years. The firm’s typical investment horizon for real estate investments is three to five years and an exit strategy is always sought prior to the acquisition. Capital Trust Ltd was founded in 1985 and is based in London, United Kingdom with an additional offices in London, United Kingdom; Beirut, Lebanon; New York, New York and Vienna, Virginia.