Valuation Hub

Startup valuation — the complete guide for founders

From pre-money vs post-money to rNPV and token economics — everything you need to understand what your startup is worth and what investors expect in return.

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13 in-depth guides

Valuation guides & resources

Methods, benchmarks, dilution math, term-sheet clauses and sector-specific frameworks — written for fundraising founders.

Startup valuation methods — which one applies to your stage

The 5 main startup valuation methods — Berkus, Scorecard, VC Method, DCF, Revenue Multiple. When each applies, what they produce, and which investors use them.

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Pre-money vs post-money valuation — the number that determines how much you give away

The difference between pre-money and post-money valuation — with examples, dilution calculations, and why it's the most important number in a term sheet.

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Revenue multiple valuation — the benchmark every SaaS founder needs to know

How revenue multiples work for SaaS startup valuation — current benchmark ranges by stage, what drives multiples up or down, and how Rule of 40 connects to your multiple.

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Founder dilution — how much you give away at each round and what remains at exit

How founder dilution works across funding rounds — typical dilution per round, cumulative ownership at Series B, when dilution becomes a problem and how to minimise it.

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Startup equity split — co-founders, employees and the option pool explained

How to split equity between co-founders, size the ESOP pool, and understand the option pool shuffle. With benchmark ranges by stage.

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Term sheet valuation — the clauses that change what the number actually means

The term sheet clauses that alter your effective valuation — liquidation preference, anti-dilution, pro-rata rights. With examples of how each changes founder outcomes.

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VC return expectations — the fund math that drives every valuation negotiation

How VCs calculate required returns — fund math, power law, money multiples and what it means for the growth rate your startup must deliver.

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Startup revenue growth rate — what's fundable at each stage

What revenue growth rate investors expect at each funding stage — from Seed to Series B. Triple-triple-double benchmarks, CAGR requirements and how growth connects to valuation.

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SaaS valuation benchmarks — the metrics that determine your multiple

Current SaaS valuation benchmarks — ARR multiples by stage, NRR impact, Rule of 40, CAC/LTV ratios. What top-quartile SaaS metrics look like at Seed, Series A and Series B.

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Seed round valuation — how investors price pre-revenue startups

How seed round valuations are set when there's no revenue — comparable transactions, scorecard method, team credibility and regional benchmarks for Europe and the US.

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Biotech valuation methods — how life science startups are valued before revenue

How biotech and life science startups are valued before revenue — risk-adjusted NPV, clinical stage multiples, peak sales estimates and milestone-based deal structures.

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AI startup valuation — the metrics emerging for a new asset class

How AI startups are valued in 2025–2026 — token economics, ARR per GPU-hour, inference margins, agentic task completion rate and why traditional SaaS multiples don't fully apply.

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MedTech valuation — the hybrid framework between SaaS and biotech

How MedTech and digital health startups are valued — hybrid revenue multiples, reimbursement status as value catalyst, per-procedure economics and regulatory milestones.

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