Investors in Zambia

XSML is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in direct and funds of funds investments. Within the direct investments, it specializes in seed, start up, SMEs, early venture, emerging growth, growth capital, mid venture, later stage, buyout, and mezzanine investments in small and medium-sized companies. The firm also specializes in venture debt investments and offers loans. For fund of fund investments, it seeks to invest in mezzanine funds. It primarily invests in agribusiness, electronic/ electrical equipment, education, healthcare, financial services, information communications and technology (ICT), transportation, hospitality, warehousing, tourism, and retail & wholesale, manufacturing, business support service sector. The firm seeks to invest in emerging markets with a focus on Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central and East African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The firm invest between $0.3 million and $10 million. It prefers to make equity investment between $0.1 million and $7.5 million and debt investments between $0.2 million to $5 million with sales range between $1 million to $25 million. For fund of fund investments, it typically invests between $5 and $25 million. The firm prefer to take a majority stake. XSML was founded in 2008 and is headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands with additional offices in Kampala, Uganda; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Launda, Angola; and Nairobi, Kenya.

Inside Capital Partners (“Inside”) is an independent private equity manager aiming to invest through equity in strong potential opportunities in selected Southeast African countries. ​ Inside believes that access to high level information, a strong focus on selected geographies and enterprises along with a strong network of operational and business experts, are key to enhancing value creation. For this reason, the Inside team, which is composed of people with strong ties to the region, operates through its offices in Mauritius and Zambia, and from its network of partners in the other selected countries. ​ Inside also works in close proactive partnerships with entrepreneurs, and leverages on its network of experts, to fast track the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. ​ Inside has currently USD 34 million Assets Under Management through Inside Equity Fund.

Kukula Capital is a leading venture finance and private equity firm in Zambia

Abler Nordic AS is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in direct, and fund of funds investments in emerging, early stage, mature, and startup companies. The firm also prefers to invest in Debt, Sub-Debt and Equity instruments of microfinance institutions. It prefers to invest in young & emerging MFIs that have a clearly stated social mission and that have reached financial sustainability or have good prospects for attaining financial sustainability within the next few years. The firm also invests in other institutions providing financial inclusion to the poor in developing countries. It may in special cases invest in MIVs that focus on such institutions. The firm typically invests in companies based in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa with focus on Angola, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Ivory Coast, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Madagaskar, Zambia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Asia focusing on South and Southeast Asia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, India, and Pakistan. It may also consider investments outside of these focus countries. The firm prefers to invest between $1 million and $8 million in companies with minimum total assets of $1 million. It prefers to take both minority positions in its investments and be an active investor. For equity investments, it prefers to take a stake of 10-30% in its portfolio companies. The firm seeks to take up governance positions in the board of the MFI or committees under the board. Abler Nordic AS was established in October 2008 and is based in Oslo, Norway with additional offices in Copenhagen, Denmark; Nairobi, Kenya, Tangerang, Indonesia & Bengaluru, India.

AgDevCo Limited, a not-for-profit distribution agricultural development company, identifies, develops, and arranges financing for sustainable agricultural and agri-processing business opportunities in Africa. The company focuses on the production and processing of food crops for delivery to national and regional markets. It also funds the development of agriculture-supporting infrastructure, such as irrigation, feeder roads, and bulk storage. The company owns investments in various early-stage agriculture businesses, including seed production, mangoes, bananas, honey, and livestock. The firm typically invests $1 million to $3 million in early-stage companies and long-term flexible capital of $3 million to $15 million. AgDevCo Limited was founded in 2009 and is based in London, United Kingdom with additional offices in Accra, Ghana; Nairobi, Kenya; London, United Kingdom; Cape Town, South Africa and Lusaka, Zambia.

Impact Fund Denmark is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in financing in the form of equity, mezzanine, loans, debt and guarantees. It makes socially conscious investments. It makes directly & indirectly investments. Under directly investing, it invests in early stage & growth capital investments. Under indirectly investments, it invests in venture capital funds. It specializes in establishing new companies, setting up joint ventures between Danish companies and local business partners and in acquiring existing companies. It provides financing to private-sector projects in the developing countries. The firm can only invest in countries whose 2008 GNI capita income is below $0.03 million with an exemption granted to South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. Also, the host countries of investments must be on the OECD’s DAC list of development aid recipients. It invests where private sector financing is unavailable or insufficient. It invests in sustainable growth and high-impact solutions in developing markets/countries. It does not invest in Forced labor or child labor, Ozone depleting substances, PCB's (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) and other specific, hazardous pharmaceuticals, pesticides/herbicides or chemicals, wildlife or products regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species or Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Unsustainable fishing methods, Cross-border trade in waste and waste products, unless compliant with the Basel Convention and the underlying regulations, Destruction of High Conservation Value areas, Radioactive materials and unbounded asbestos fibres, Pornography and/or prostitution, Racist and/or anti-democratic media, Alcoholic Beverages (except beer and wine), Tobacco, Weapons and munitions, Gambling, casinos and equivalent enterprises, Standalone fossil fuelled power plants, Drilling, exploration, extraction, refining and sale of crude oil, natural gas and thermal coal, Storage, supporting infrastructure (pipelines etc.), transportation and logistics, and services primarily related to fossil fuels, Any business using captive coal for power and/or heat generation, Electricity generation from peat and activities leading to deforestation, Investments and/or other projects that aim to produce or make use of agricultural or forestry products, Biomaterials and biofuel production, Export-oriented agribusiness mod, Meat and dairy industries. It prefers investing in commercial services and supplies, biofuels, electric power by solar and wind energy and irrigation systems sector. The firm seeks to invest in climate and Agribusiness. It focuses its investments in Green energy & infrastructure with focus on Clean, affordable renewable energy, Waste recycling and management, Energy efficiency, Water access and management; Financial Services with focus on Microfinance, MSME financing, Development banks and Insurance; Sustainable food systems with focus on Climate farming, Storage and distribution, Processing, Forest and land; Healthcare with focus on Hospitals and clinics, Pharmacy chains, Diagnostic services, Pharmaceuticals & medical equipment. The firm prefers to invest in companies based in Africa focusing on North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Central America, Middle East and Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Jordan, Denmark, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Arab Rep., Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, São Tomé and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Asia focusing on Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Brazil, Malaysia, Turkey, Mexico, Kiribati, Laos, South Korea, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Federal States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Marshall Islands, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Western Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, East Timor, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen; Europe focusing on Albania, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Belarus, Balkans, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Romania, Slovenia, Georgia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine; and Latin America with a focus on Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines, Suriname, Ecuador, and Jamaica and North Asia, United States of America, Latin America and parts of Europe. It seeks to invest between from DKK15 million ($2.32 million) and DKK500 million ($77.52 million). The firm can invest up to DKK350 million ($51.34 million) per company. The firm seeks to co-invest with Danish businesses in projects based in developing countries. It prefers to take minority stake between 10% to 30% and up to 49 per cent in small projects. It prefers to take a board membership. The firm prefers to exit its investments within five to seven years when the loan has been repaid or the shares have been sold. The firm also offers special assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises which employs less than 300 employees, with an annual revenue of up to DKK 300 million ($53.16 million) and has a positive result in two out of three latest financial years. It also provides advisory services to business investments in developing countries. The firm makes two thirds of its investments in partnership and can also provide additional financing. Impact Fund Denmark was founded in 1967 and is based in Copenhagen, Denmark with additional offices across Asia, Europe, South America, and Africa.

AHL Venture Partners is a venture capital and venture debt firms specializing in mezzanine, bridge, seed/startup, series-A and series-B investments. The firm seeks to invest in growth capital. The firm prefers to invest in energy access, financial inclusion, sustainable food, agriculture, and human capital development and climate action sectors. The firm seeks to invest in Africa including Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia. The firm seeks to provide debt facilities between $1 million and $5 million. The firm prefer to take minority stake in companies. AHL Venture Partners was founded in 2007 and is based in Nairobi, Kenya with an additional office in Vancouver, Canada; Lusaka, Zambia and Accra, Ghana.

Hivos Impact Investments is a venture capital firm specializing in seed, startup and early stage investments. The firm primarily invests in companies in the creative industry, such as ICT start-ups, (digital) media, (digital) creative services, technologies and innovation to increase access to essential foodstuffs, innovation in core art; and companies in the food and food lifestyle industry, such as local traditional food products, urban farming, biopesticides and organic fertilizers, farming related geodata, solutions for food handling and food transport, track and trace solutions within the food chain, food waste reduction, retail of organic food and beverages, nature-based cosmetics, food media and food marketing that promote healthy and sustainable diets. The firm typically invests in in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), especially in Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon; and in Southern Africa, especially South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi. Hivos Impact Investments was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands, with an additional office in Joahnnesburg, South Africa.

GroFin Capital (Pty) Ltd. is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing debt, equity, growth capital and mezzanine. It invest in all stages of business development, from start-ups, early venture, mid venture, late venture, through growth to expansions. The firm invests in outright purchases, management buy-outs, buying of businesses, management buy-ins, self-liquidating debt and franchises. It does not invest in primary agriculture (agricultural pursuits outside of a ‘controlled’ environment), not-for-profit organizations (NGO’s), informal or micro-enterprise, on-lending (fund-of-fund) activities, self-help groups, co-operatives, proof-of-concept or R&D programs. It also do not support any businesses which do not comply with applicable environmental, legal and social requirements as detailed in our ESG (environmental, social and governance policy). It does not consider seed capital, grants, soft loans, or short-term bridging finance. The firm seeks to invest in all sectors with a focus on specialized finance, consumer services, consumer goods, air freight and logistics, agricultural services, agricultural machinery and equipment, fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, including franchises, education, healthcare, manufacturing, labour intensive businesses and key services (water, energy and sanitation). The firm seeks to invest in small and medium sized businesses in South Africa, Iraq, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Jordan, Zambia, Oman, Egypt, and Tanzania. It also prefers to invest in the Middle East and North Africa region. It prefers to invest in companies with an annual turnover not exceeding $5 million and gross assets not exceeding $3 million. The firm's deal size ranges between $0.01 million and $3 million per investment. It seeks to invest for a period of three years with the maximum being eight years. The fund prefers to take majority or minority stakes between 10 percent and 49 percent. GroFin Capital (Pty) Ltd. was founded in 2004 and is headquartered in Bambous, Mauritius with additional offices in East Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa and Middle East & North Africa.

Phatisa Fund Managers L.L.C. is a private equity and venture capital arm of The Phatisa Group specializing investments in management buy-outs and buy-ins, expansions, acquisitions, refinancings, and start-up new ventures in small and medium sized enterprises (SME). It also seeks to invest in real estate projects with a focus on affordable and middle income residential developments and mixed use developments comprising of housing and aligned commercial developments and in urban areas. The firm does not invest in bio-fuels, timber, alcoholic beverages, seed capital, short-term bridging, or debt finance and it does not provide grants or soft loans. The firm also does not invest in informal, micro enterprises or SME companies looking for an investment less than $5 million. For its private equity investments, it seeks to invest in agribusiness companies operating in food production, processing, packaging, primary agriculture, FMCG food, cold storage, distribution in cereals, livestock farming, dairy, fruit and vegetables, crop protection, logistics, fertilizers, seeds, edible oils, smallholders, aquaculture, marketing services, paper and forest product distribution, agri services, and mid-sized companies in the food security and food-related sectors operating across the food value chain. The firm will also follow a series of agri-business investments in palm plantations, edible oil refinery, and commodity trade finance. The firm prefers to make investments in Africa with a focus on sub Saharan Africa. It typically focuses to invest in Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Mozambique, Kenya, and Botswana. The firm seeks to invest between $5 million and $24 million in its investee companies. For SME investments, the firm seeks to invest upto $4 million in companies that require financing between $0.015 million and $4 million. It takes majority or significant minority stakes between 5 percent to 100 percent in its portfolio companies. It takes board representation and other meaningful shareholder rights in its portfolio companies. It seeks to exit its investments through the sale to trade players, majority shareholders, local communities, secondary management buyouts, and listing on local exchanges. It seeks to exit its investments between four to seven years through the sale to trade players, majority shareholders, local communities, secondary management buyouts, and listing on local exchanges. Phatisa Fund Managers L.L.C. was founded in 2005 and is based in Johannesburg, South Africa, with additional offices in Lusaka, Zambia; Bambou, Mauritius; London, United Kingdom; and Nairobi, Kenya.

China-Africa Development Fund is a private equity and venture capital investment arm of China Development Bank specializing in expansion stage, mature stage and buyout investments. The firm typically invests in agriculture and manufacturing industry sectors; research, capacity cooperation, infrastructure sectors, which include electric power and other energy facilities, harbour construction, transportation, telecommunications, and urban water supply and drainage; natural resources sectors, which include oil, gas, and solid mineral resources; and industrial perks set up by Chinese enterprise in Africa. It primarily invests in companies based in Africa specifically in Ghana, West and Central Africa, which Chinese enterprises also participate. The firm can invest in new projects, co-invest or acquire enterprise directly. It does not take majority stake in its portfolio companies nor participate in its daily management and limits its holdings between 10% to 50%. It only requires active participation such as naming directors, supervisors, and financial management staff to projects and exercises its shareholder's rights. It also invests in stocks, convertible bonds and other quasi-equity type investments. The firm exits through IPO, transfer agreement, buyout by original stockholders or by the management. It also invests in fund of funds. China-Africa Development Fund was founded in June 2007 and is based in Beijing, China with additional offices in South Africa, Zambia, Ethiopia, Ghana and Kenya.

Mitchell River Group Pty Ltd. is a venture capital firm specializing in seed stage and early stage investments. The firm prefer to make investment in metals and energy sector with focus on base metals, coal and uranium. The firm prefer to make investment in Bostwana, United State, South Australia, Zambia, and Brazil. Mitchell River Group Pty Ltd. Was founded in 1999 and is based in Subiaco, Australia.

Voxtra Foundation, Investment Arm is a private equity firm specializing in providing later-stage growth capital. The firm provides debt, equity, quasi-equity, and mezzanine. The firm will invest in agribusinesses in East Africa. The firm typically invests in companies based in Burundi, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The firm invests between $0.5 million and $2 million per investment. The firm focuses on taking a minority stake in its investee companies. The firm prefers to invest between five to seven years. Voxtra Foundation, Investment Arm is headquartered in Oslo, Norway with an additional office in Nairobi, Kenya.

We’re committed to finding local solutions to uniquely local challenges and everything we do is focussed on adding value. To this end we offer all our clients across the continent a range of retail, business, corporate and investment, and wealth management solutions as well as ensure a positive impact in all the countries where we operate. We’re a truly African brand, inspired by the people we serve and determined to always be brave, passionate and ready so that we can make Africa proud. Absa Group Limited is listed on the JSE and is one of Africa’s largest diversified financial services groups with a presence in 12 countries across the continent and around 42 000 employees. Our group owns majority stakes in banks in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, the Seychelles, South Africa (Absa Bank), Tanzania (Barclays Bank in Tanzania and National Bank of Commerce), Uganda and Zambia. We also have representative offices in Namibia and Nigeria, as well as insurance operations in Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia.

Inspired Evolution Investment Management is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in start up, early stage, mid venture, late venture, later stage, emerging growth, growth capital, bridge financing, PIPES, and buyouts in mature middle market small, medium-sized, and large companies. It does not invest in angel and seed stages and also in sectors such as tobacco, alcohol, gaming, fixed asset (property), defense, and select environmental categories. The firm also invests at an earlier stage in the process (pre-bankable stage) where warranted through access to complimentary seed capital facilities. It seeks to invest in green industries, cleantech investments across new energy and environment markets including clean energy generation; clean energy infrastructure; water purification; waste management; and efficient production technology, renewable energy power generation (primarily wind, solar, small hydro and Geothermal), resource efficiency (in the field of energy efficiency, water and water treatment, waste management and agricultural efficiency), energy efficiency, biofuel, manufacturing, pollution and waste management, green chemistry, transportation, and agribusiness. The firm also seeks to invest in sustainable agriculture, natural health, ecotourism, sustainable settlements, and green real estate. It prefers to invest in Southern African Development Community countries with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa with primary targets being Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, Southern and South Africa ; across the Southern African Development Community including nations such as Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, Kingdom of Swaziland, Zimbabwe, and Australia. The firm seeks to make equity investment between $1.4 million and $14 million in companies with enterprise values between $1.34 million and $15 million. It prefers to be a lead investor. The firm seeks to take a board seat in its portfolio companies. It acquires significant minority or majority stakes. The firm also provides advisory services. Inspired Evolution Investment Management was founded in 2007 and is based in Cape Town, South Africa with additional offices in Grand Baie, Mauritius, Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Nairobi, Kenya and London, United Kingdom.

PME’s investment objective was to achieve significant total return to investors through investing in infrastructure projects and related opportunities across a range of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The main investment focus lay within existing or greenfield projects in Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.

Belgian Investment Company for Developing Countries SA/NV-BIO is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in direct and fund of funds investments. It focuses on debt, expansion, growth capital, middle market, emerging growth, mezzanine, start-up, early stage, private sector projects; private enterprises with a focus on small and medium enterprises and large companies with local base, financial sector with a focus on financial institutions or intermediary organizations who aim to finance small and medium sized enterprises including commercial banks, microfinance institutions, non-bank financial institutions, factoring, leasing, investment companies, microfinance investment funds, and private equity funds and infrastructure projects with a focus on private projects or public-private partnerships aiming at servicing local populations and businesses and new projects or rehabilitation of existing equipment, subsidies and grants to co-finance for feasibility studies and technical assistance programmes for training, technology transfer; and guarantees. It does not invest in production, trade, or activities involving harmful or exploitative forms of forced labor or harmful child labor, any product or activity deemed illegal under host country laws or regulations or international conventions and agreements, weapons and munitions, alcoholic beverages excluding beer and wine, tobacco, gambling, casinos and equivalent enterprises, wildlife or wildlife products regulated under CITES, radioactive materials, unbonded asbestos fibers, commercial logging operations or the purchase of logging equipment for use in primary tropical moist forest, products containing PCBs, pharmaceuticals subject to international phase outs or bans, pesticides and herbicides subject to international phase outs or bans, ozone depleting substances subject to international phase out, and drift net fishing in the marine environment using nets in excess of 2.5 km in length. The firm seeks to invest in all sectors with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry, information technology and telecommunications, productive sectors for private enterprises; renewable energy, water access, irrigation and agriculture, telecommunications, and transport infrastructure for infrastructure projects. It also invests in manufacturing and ICT. The firm primarily seeks to invest in countries that fall under the following categories: least developed countries, low income countries, and middle income countries. For private enterprises and financial sector, it seeks to invest in Africa, Central and Latin America, and Asia/South-East Asia with particular emphasis on Africa for infrastructure projects. Within Africa it invests in Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe; for Asia it invests in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam; for Latin America it invests in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay and Peru; it also invests in Palestine. The firm seeks to invest in small and medium sized enterprises and larger corporations and for investment companies and funds with a maximum amount of respectively €1 million ($1.10 million) and €15 million ($16.50 million) per project and minimum amount of €3 million ($4.14 million) to €15 million ($16.50 million) for infrastructure projects and less than €1 million ($1.38 million) in the financial sector. It also provides subsidiaries and grants up to a maximum of 50% of their total cost with maximum €0.1 million ($0.14 million) and usually makes early stage investments of €5 million ($6.88 million). The firm seeks a minority and majority stake in its portfolio companies and usually does not hold more than 35%. It seeks a seat on the board of its portfolio companies and may co-invest in infrastructure projects. The firm seeks to invest in equity, quasi-equity including mezzanine, subordinated loans, convertible loans and medium and long-term loans. Loan maturity for private enterprises and financial sector may vary between 3 to 10 years, with a maximum grace period of 3 years and up to 15 years, with a maximum grace period of 3 years for infrastructure projects. Belgian Investment Company for Developing Countries SA/NV-BIO was founded in 2001 and is based in Brussels, Belgium with additional offices in Nairobi, Kenya and Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden NV, Investment Arm is a private equity and venture capital of Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden N.V. specializing in direct and fund of fund investments. Within direct investments, it invests in middle market, mature, later stage, seed/startup, early venture, emerging growth, recapitalization, buyout, and growth capital investments. Within fund of fund investments, it invests in private equity funds, venture capital funds, and mezzanine funds. It does not invest production or activities involving forced labour or child labour; production or trade in any product or activity deemed illegal under host country laws or regulations or international conventions and agreements; production or trade in a weapons and munitions, tobacco, hard liquor, gambling, casinos and equivalent enterprises; any business relating to pornography or prostitution; coal or coal mining; trade in wildlife or wildlife products regulated under CITES; production or use of or trade in hazardous materials such as radioactive materials, unbounded asbestos fibres and products containing PCBs; cross-border trade in waste and waste products unless compliant to the Basel Convention and the underlying regulations; drift net fishing in the marine environment using nets in excess of 2.5 km in length; production, use of or trade in pharmaceuticals, pesticides/herbicides, chemicals, ozone depleting substances and other hazardous substances subject to international phase-outs or bans; significant conversion or degradation of critical habitat; production and distribution of racist and anti-democratic media; significant alteration, damage, or removal of any critical cultural heritage; relocation of indigenous peoples from traditional or customary lands. The firm seeks to invest in agriculture and fisheries, mining, agribusiness, manufacturing industry, service sector, banking and insurance industry, housing, finance, energy, trade industry, Information technology, consumer staples, environment and infrastructure sectors. Within the housing sector, the firm seeks to invest in companies primarily operating in the land acquisition, infrastructure and construction, mortgage finance, leasing, building-related sustainability and housing-microfinance activities. Within the energy domain, it seeks to invest in developing energy-efficient technologies to distributing renewable energy. In case of its finance sector investments, the firm focuses on financial institutions, including banks, and microfinance institutions. In case of Infrastructure, the firm invests in infrastructure projects that contribute to development or improvement of socio-economic infrastructure such as the power, telecom, water, transport, environmental, and social infrastructure sectors. It seeks to invest in developing companies and emerging markets. It invests in Africa with a focus on Morocco, Tunisia, Angola, Botswana Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal, Nigeria Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. It also invests in Turkey, Lebanon, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, India, China, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Mexico, Netherlands, Croatia, Hungary, Malta, Poland ,Romania, Aruba, Dominican Republic, Netherlands Antilles, Argentina, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and Russia with a focus on Slovakia. It prefers to invests between €3 million ($4.28 million) and €5 million ($7.14 million) per company. The firm makes seed capital investments of minimum €1 million ($1.43 million) per company or fund. The firm takes minority equity stakes between 10% and 35% in private companies. It prefers to exit its direct equity investments in five years. The fund provides loans of up to €15.5 million ($20.92 million). It also co-invests. Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden NV, Investment Arm was founded in 1970 and is based in The Hague, Netherlands with additional offices in Nairobi, Kenya; Johannesburg, South Africa and San Jose, Costa Rica.